<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with Wdesk from Workiva-->
<!--Copyright 2021 Workiva-->
<!--r:6e2222cd-2a49-4171-a9c0-30f293868124,g:d7873eca-9161-43ab-aae4-43b970624cd0-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://emergentbiosolutions.com/role/CoverPageCoverPage" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ebs-20210218.xsd#CoverPageCoverPage"/>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://emergentbiosolutions.com/role/CoverPageCoverPage" xlink:type="extended"/>
</link:linkbase>