<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with Wdesk from Workiva-->
<!--Copyright 2021 Workiva-->
<!--r:7c25d68c-60a7-4cb5-b3f6-9668a93ba649,g:3ede9eda-8fc1-457b-b4f2-8a58a6c444c1-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://emergentbiosolutions.com/role/CoverPageCoverPage" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ebs-20210209.xsd#CoverPageCoverPage"/>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://emergentbiosolutions.com/role/CoverPageCoverPage" xlink:type="extended"/>
</link:linkbase>