<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with Wdesk from Workiva-->
<!--Copyright 2021 Workiva-->
<!--r:b847bb2c-8e6a-4214-8885-33c464de77b4,g:48bfb041-ab95-43a6-9dea-dd4ed4b7434b-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://emergentbiosolutions.com/role/CoverPageCoverPage" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ebs-20210419.xsd#CoverPageCoverPage"/>
  <link:calculationLink xlink:role="http://emergentbiosolutions.com/role/CoverPageCoverPage" xlink:type="extended"/>
</link:linkbase>
